Infant psychomotor development is a fascinating and complex process involving physical, cognitive and emotional maturation. It is essential for parents and caregivers to understand the different stages of this development in order to adequately stimulate the baby’s abilities and support the baby’s growth. In this article, we will explore in depth the stages of psychomotor development.
First 3 months of Psychomotor Development of the Infant
During the first three months of life, major changes occur in the baby’s psychomotor development. The initial movements are mostly reflexes, such as the sucking reflex and the grasping reflex. But soon, they begin to develop greater control over their movements.
Babies learn to move their arms and legs in a more coordinated way, and begin to follow objects with their eyes, which is fundamental for their future eye-hand coordination. They also develop the neck strength needed to support the head.
At this stage, you can stimulate your baby’s motor development through simple games. Move a toy or your face from side to side so that your baby follows the movement with his eyes. You can also place baby on his tummy during playtime to strengthen his neck and back muscles.
3 to 6 months
At this stage, babies gain more control over their movements and begin to explore the world around them with more interest. They begin to roll, first from face down to face up, and then in the opposite direction. By the end of this stage, many babies can sit with support and have greater control over their hands.
They begin to grasp objects with the whole hand, in what is known as palmar grasping, and to bring them to the mouth to explore them. At this time, it is helpful to provide toys that they can grasp and chew on, as they will be exploring their environment with their hands and mouths.
6 to 9 months
This is an exciting period for the baby’s motor development. Babies begin to sit unsupported, which frees their hands to explore and play with objects in their environment. They also begin to crawl, although some babies may choose to roll, crawl or scoot on their buttocks to get around.
Some babies may even begin to stand with support. Toys that promote mobility, such as toys that make noise or move, can be helpful in motivating the baby to move. Make sure your home is baby-proofed to provide a safe environment for their exploration.
From 9 to 12 months
At this stage, babies become more mobile and begin to stand and walk with support. At the end of this period, some may even be able to take their first steps without assistance. Toys that can push or pull can help stimulate this new skill.
They also develop more precise fine motor skills, such as the ability to pinch small objects between the thumb and forefinger. This is a good time to introduce activities that stimulate these skills, such as sorting toys or fabric books with different textures.
From 12 to 18 months
At this age, many babies can already walk independently. Acquiring this skill allows them to explore their environment with greater curiosity and provides them with a new perspective on the world.
In addition, they begin to develop more advanced skills, such as climbing, running and jumping. Toys that promote exploration and movement, such as building blocks, balls and crawling toys, can be very helpful in supporting their development at this stage.
From 18 months to 2 years
At this stage, children are constantly on the move. They improve their balance and are able to run, jump and climb stairs with greater skill. They can also perform more complex tasks with their hands, such as drawing, stacking blocks and fitting shapes together.
The acquisition of these gross and fine motor skills is essential to their cognitive development, as it allows them to interact more meaningfully with their environment. Toys that promote these skills, such as building games, puzzles and art activities, can be very beneficial.
Conclusion of the Psychomotor Development of the Infant
Psychomotor development is a crucial part of a baby’s growth, and each stage brings new achievements and challenges. Although each baby develops at his or her own pace, it is important to stimulate these skills to help them reach their full potential.
Remember, toys and activities are useful tools, but nothing can replace the value of your direct interaction with your child. Playing with your baby, talking to him and showing affection are fundamental aspects for his overall development.
If you have any concerns about your baby’s psychomotor development, do not hesitate to consult a health professional. It is important to remember that these milestones are only guidelines and that each child develops at his or her own pace.
